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The Pressure Converter provides accurate, instant conversion between all major pressure units used in science, engineering, medicine, and industry. Whether you need to convert psi to bar for tire pressure, mmHg to kPa for blood pressure readings, or atm to Pascal for a physics calculation, this tool handles all conversions simultaneously.
Pressure is the force exerted per unit area. Different fields use different units: Pascals (Pa) and kilopascals (kPa) are the SI standard used in meteorology and engineering. PSI (pounds per square inch) is used in the US for tire pressure, hydraulics, and industrial equipment. Bar is common in European engineering and weather forecasting. mmHg (millimeters of mercury) is the traditional unit for blood pressure and laboratory vacuum measurements. Atmospheres (atm) represent standard atmospheric pressure.
Standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is defined as 1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 14.696 psi = 1.01325 bar = 760 mmHg = 101.325 kPa. This reference point is essential for all pressure work.
All pressures are converted to Pascals (Pa) as the SI base unit, then converted to each output.
Convert to Pascals:
Convert Pa to outputs:
The conversion 1 atm = 101,325 Pa is exact by definition. 1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa (based on mercury density at 0°C and standard gravity).
Key pressure reference points: 1 atm (101.325 kPa / 14.696 psi) — standard sea-level atmospheric pressure. Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). Car tire pressure is typically 30–35 psi (2.07–2.41 bar). A bicycle tire runs at 80–130 psi. Deep-sea pressure at 1,000m depth is about 100 atm (9.87 MPa). Pressures below 1 atm indicate partial vacuum; those above indicate compressed or high-pressure systems.
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32 psi (a common car tire pressure) equals approximately 2.21 bar or 220.6 kPa — essential for European drivers checking tire pressure in bar.
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120 mmHg systolic blood pressure equals approximately 16 kPa. While mmHg remains standard for blood pressure worldwide, some European medical devices use kPa.
Standard atmospheric pressure is defined as 1 atm = 101,325 Pascals = 14.696 psi = 1.01325 bar = 760 mmHg = 101.325 kPa. This is the average air pressure at sea level and is used as a reference for many scientific calculations, including gas law problems and altitude calculations.
Blood pressure is measured in mmHg (millimeters of mercury) because early sphygmomanometers (blood pressure devices) used a mercury column to measure pressure. The height of mercury that the blood pressure could support defined the reading. Despite mercury instruments being largely replaced by electronic devices, the mmHg unit remains the universal medical standard.
Absolute pressure is measured relative to a perfect vacuum (0 Pa). Gauge pressure is measured relative to atmospheric pressure (0 gauge = 1 atm absolute). Tire pressure gauges measure gauge pressure — a reading of 32 psi means 32 psi above atmospheric. Absolute pressure = gauge pressure + atmospheric pressure (~14.7 psi or ~1 atm).
Multiply bar by 14.5038 to get psi (since 1 bar = 100,000 Pa and 1 psi = 6,894.76 Pa). For example, 2 bar = 29.0 psi. Conversely, divide psi by 14.5038 to get bar. A quick approximation: 1 bar ≈ 14.5 psi.
Weather forecasts typically use millibars (mbar) or hectopascals (hPa), which are equivalent: 1 mbar = 1 hPa = 100 Pa. Standard sea-level pressure is 1013.25 hPa. High-pressure systems (fair weather) are above 1020 hPa; low-pressure systems (storms) are below 1000 hPa. Some forecasts use inHg (inches of mercury) in the United States.
A Pascal (Pa) is defined as one Newton per square meter (N/m²). It is the SI unit for pressure because it derives directly from the base SI units of force (Newtons) and area (m²). The Pascal was named after Blaise Pascal, the 17th-century French mathematician and physicist who made fundamental contributions to fluid mechanics and pressure measurement.
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