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The Magnetic Field Strength Converter converts between units of magnetic flux density (B-field) and related magnetic field units. The SI unit is the tesla (T), while the CGS unit is the gauss (G), with the fundamental relationship 1 T = 10,000 G.
Magnetic field strength measurements are essential in MRI systems (1.5–7 T), particle accelerators (up to 16 T), permanent magnets (0.1–1.5 T), Earth science (25–65 µT), and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing.
This converter distinguishes between magnetic flux density B (measured in tesla or gauss) and magnetic field intensity H (measured in ampere per meter or oersted). In free space, B = µ₀H, where µ₀ = 4π x 10⁻⁷ T·m/A is the permeability of free space. The oersted is the CGS unit of H-field: 1 Oe = (1000/4π) A/m ≈ 79.577 A/m.
The converter also includes the nanotesla (nT), which is the standard unit for geomagnetic field measurements. Earth's magnetic field ranges from about 25,000 nT near the equator to 65,000 nT near the poles. Spacecraft magnetometers and geological surveys use nanotesla precision.
Common magnetic field strengths: a refrigerator magnet produces about 5 mT (50 G), a neodymium magnet up to 1.4 T (14 kG), an MRI scanner 1.5–3 T, and the strongest continuous lab magnets reach about 45 T. The strongest pulsed fields exceed 1,000 T for microseconds.
All values are normalized to tesla (T). Key conversions: 1 T = 10,000 G (gauss), 1 T = 10 kG, 1 G = 0.1 mT = 100 µT. For H-field: 1 A/m = 4π x 10⁻⁷ T (in free space), 1 Oe = 10⁻⁴/(4π) x 4π x 10⁻⁴ T. Note: Oe to T conversion assumes free space (µ_r = 1).
The distinction between B (tesla) and H (A/m, Oe) matters in magnetic materials. In free space, B = µ₀H. In materials, B = µ₀µ_rH where µ_r is relative permeability (1 for air, 1000–100,000 for transformer steel, ~1 for most non-magnetic materials).
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1 T = 10,000 G
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50 µT = 0.5 G (Earth's field)
The tesla (T) is the SI unit of magnetic flux density. 1 T = 1 Wb/m² = 1 kg/(A·s²). Named after Nikola Tesla.
Multiply tesla by 10,000. For example, 0.5 T = 5,000 G. This is because 1 T = 10^4 G.
Earth's magnetic field ranges from about 25 µT (0.25 G) near the equator to 65 µT (0.65 G) near the poles, with an average of about 50 µT (0.5 G).
B (magnetic flux density, in tesla) includes the material's response. H (magnetic field intensity, in A/m) is the applied field. They are related by B = µ₀µ_rH.
The oersted (Oe) is the CGS unit of magnetic field intensity (H). 1 Oe = 1000/(4π) A/m ≈ 79.577 A/m. In free space, 1 Oe corresponds to 1 G of flux density.
Clinical MRI scanners use 1.5 T or 3 T superconducting magnets. Research MRI systems go up to 7 T for humans and 21+ T for small animals.
The gauss (G) is the CGS unit of magnetic flux density. 1 G = 10^-4 T = 100 µT. Named after Carl Friedrich Gauss.
A typical refrigerator magnet produces about 5 mT (50 G) at its surface. A neodymium magnet can produce 200-500 mT (2,000-5,000 G) at its surface.
Gaussmeters and teslameters use Hall effect sensors for strong fields. Fluxgate magnetometers measure weak fields. SQUID magnetometers are the most sensitive.
Static magnetic fields below 2 T are generally considered safe for brief exposure. MRI patients are exposed to 1.5-3 T with no known harmful effects. Time-varying fields have stricter limits due to induced currents.
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