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ppm
5,000
ppb
0.0005
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ppm
5,000
ppb
0.0005
%
The Parts Per Million Calculator determines the concentration of a solute in parts per million (ppm) from the mass of solute in milligrams and the mass of solution in kilograms. For dilute aqueous solutions, ppm is equivalent to mg/L since the density of water is approximately 1 kg/L.
Enter the solute mass in milligrams and the solution mass in kilograms to calculate the concentration in ppm, ppb (parts per billion), and mass percent. This unit is widely used in environmental science, water quality testing, toxicology, and trace analysis.
Parts per million is calculated as:
ppm = mass of solute (mg) / mass of solution (kg)
This is equivalent to mg/kg. For dilute aqueous solutions (density approximately 1 kg/L), ppm equals mg/L.
Conversions: 1 ppm = 1000 ppb and 1 ppm = 0.0001%
The ppb (parts per billion) and mass percent values are derived directly from the ppm value using these conversion factors.
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The EPA recommended fluoride level in drinking water is 0.7 ppm (mg/L). This equals 700 ppb or 0.00007% by mass.
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Healthy lake water typically has 6-10 ppm of dissolved oxygen. A value of 8 ppm indicates good water quality for aquatic life.
Parts per million (ppm) means one part of solute in one million parts of solution. It is equivalent to mg/kg or, for dilute aqueous solutions, mg/L. Imagine dissolving 1 mg of salt in 1 kg (1 liter) of water: the concentration is 1 ppm. It is used for very low concentrations where percent or molarity values would be inconveniently small numbers.
For dilute aqueous solutions at or near room temperature, ppm (mg/kg) is approximately equal to mg/L because the density of the solution is approximately 1 kg/L. However, for non-aqueous solutions, concentrated solutions, or solutions at extreme temperatures, this approximation breaks down and you need the solution density to convert between the two.
Use ppb (parts per billion, or micrograms per kilogram) when the concentration is less than about 1 ppm. This is common in environmental monitoring (trace metals in water), pharmaceutical purity testing, and semiconductor manufacturing where contaminant levels must be extremely low. 1 ppm = 1000 ppb.
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