Magnetic Flux Conversion Calculator

A kiloline equals 1000 lines of magnetic force, or 1000 maxwells. It was commonly used in early electromagnetic engineering: $$1 \text{ kline} = 10^{3} \text{ Mx} = 10^{-5} \text{ Wb}$$. Though less common today, it still appears in vintage transformer and motor specifications.

Magnetic flux ($$\Phi$$, in Wb) is the total magnetic field through a surface, while magnetic flux density ($$B$$, in tesla) is the field per unit area. They are related by $$\Phi = B \cdot A \cdot \cos\theta$$, where $$A$$ is the area and $$\theta$$ is the angle between the field and surface normal.

Many legacy datasheets, especially for transformer lamination steels and permanent magnets, were written using CGS units. Core loss curves, B-H data, and flux specifications in older literature use maxwells and gauss, so engineers must convert when integrating these materials into modern SI-based designs.

A small power transformer core might carry 1–10 mWb (10⁵–10⁶ Mx) of peak flux. Large utility transformers can have fluxes of several webers. The maximum flux depends on the core cross-sectional area, the operating flux density (typically 1.2–1.7 T for silicon steel), and the number of turns.

Faraday's law states that the induced EMF equals the negative rate of change of flux: $$\mathcal{E} = -N \frac{d\Phi}{dt}$$. If the flux through a single-turn coil changes by 1 Wb in 1 second, it induces 1 volt. This definition makes the weber dimensionally equivalent to a volt-second (V·s).